Library reference

The literal as an owned String.

Empty text.

A separate copy.

Text from bytes, or none if they are not valid UTF-8.

The text as a list of bytes.

A whole number as text.

A whole number as text.

Fixed decimals, up to 9, rounded half up. None for NaN, infinities, 1e15 and above, or too many decimals.

Digits only. None for anything else, for no digits, or for too large a value.

An optional sign, then digits. None otherwise, or if too large.

Like 12, -1.5, .25 or 2.5e3, rounded correctly. None for anything else, including inf, nan and values too large for f64.

The shortest text that reads back as exactly this value, as 0.1 or 1e+300. None for NaN and infinities.

Whether two texts are the same.

Whether the text is exactly this literal.

Below zero, zero or above zero, comparing bytes, which is code point order.

Whether it begins with needle.

Whether it ends with needle.

The first position at or after start, if any. An empty needle is found at start.

The first position, if any.

Whether needle appears anywhere.

The bytes from start up to end. None if out of range or if that would cut a character in two.

Without spaces, tabs and line ends at either end.

The pieces between separators, keeping empty ones. An empty separator gives the whole text as one piece.

One piece per line, for \n and \r\n endings. A final line end does not add an empty line.

The pieces with the separator between them.

Every occurrence of old changed to replacement. An empty old changes nothing.

A to Z only: other letters, such as Vietnamese ones, stay as they are.

a to z only.

The whole file. None if it cannot be read or is not valid UTF-8.

Creates or replaces a file. It appears complete or not at all.

Adds to the end of a file.

readFile with a path built at run time.

writeFile with a path built at run time.

A program argument; number 0 is the program itself.

The names in a folder in sorted order. None if it cannot be read.

listDirectory with a path built at run time.

Whether this path is a folder.

Whether parsing succeeded. A failed document has no values, and errorText says why.

Like "line 3, column 5: expected , or ] in a list". Empty if there is no error.

The top value.

Whether this value exists.

Whether it is null.

Whether it is true or false.

Whether it is a number.

Whether it is text.

Whether it is a list.

Whether it is an object.

The number, or the fallback.

The number if it is whole and fits, otherwise the fallback.

The true or false, or the fallback.

A copy of the text, or the fallback.

How many items a list or members an object has.

The first value of a list or object, for walking through it. 0 means there is none.

The value after this one. 0 means the end.

An item of a list by position. This walks the list, so use first and next to go through all of them.

The key of an object's member, or empty text.

A member of an object. If a file repeats a key, the last one counts, as in JavaScript.

get with a key built at run time.

Makes a null value.

Makes true or false.

Makes a number.

Makes text from a literal.

Makes text from a String.

Makes an empty list.

Makes an empty object.

Chooses the top value.

Adds to the end of a list. False if value already has a parent, or if this would put a value inside itself.

Sets a member of an object, replacing one with the same key. False as for push.

set with a key built at run time.

The root as JSON text, indented if pretty. None if there is no root, or it is nested over 1000 levels deep.

Writes the root to a file, indented. It appears complete or not at all.

A new document with no values and no root yet.

Reads JSON text. Check isValid on the result.

Reads a file. If it cannot be read, or its JSON is wrong, the document is not valid.

What the last failed call ran into, in a sentence.

As text, like 127.0.0.1:80. An IPv6 address goes in brackets.

Every address of a host, numeric addresses and localhost included. None if it cannot be found.

Adds what is available to out, waiting for at least one byte unless the socket is non-blocking. The number of bytes; 0 at the end; -2 if none yet on a non-blocking socket; -1 on failure or timeout.

Everything until the other end closes. None on failure or timeout.

The next line without its line end. At the end, a last line with no line end, then none. None too on failure, timeout, text that is not UTF-8, or a line past one million bytes.

Sends everything, waiting as needed. False on failure or timeout.

Sends text.

Sends text followed by a line end.

How long a read or write may wait, in milliseconds. 0 means no limit.

Whether calls return at once instead of waiting.

Tells the other end nothing more is coming. Reading still works.

The other end's address.

This end's address.

Closes it. False if it was already closed.

Connects to a host name or address, trying each address it has. None on failure.

connect, giving up after this many milliseconds on each address.

connect with a host built at run time.

The next connection, waiting for one unless the listener is non-blocking. None on failure, or if none is waiting.

Whether accept returns at once instead of waiting.

Where it listens, including the port the system picked.

Stops listening.

Listens on an address: 127.0.0.1 for this machine only, 0.0.0.0 for all of them. Port 0 lets the system pick.

Its bytes as text, or none if they are not UTF-8.

How many bytes.

Who sent it, as text.

The sender's port.

Sends one datagram. False on failure; true does not mean it arrived.

The next datagram, up to 65536 bytes. None on failure, on timeout, or if none is waiting on a non-blocking socket.

How long receive may wait, in milliseconds. 0 means no limit.

Whether receive returns at once instead of waiting.

Where it is bound, including the port the system picked.

Closes it.

Opens a UDP socket on an address. Port 0 lets the system pick.

Waits until a stream has data, up to this many milliseconds. False after the time, or on failure.

A client connected.

A client sent a line.

A client is gone.

Which client, a number that is never reused.

The line received, without its line end. Empty for other events.

How many clients are connected.

Where it listens, including the port the system picked.

Disconnects a client that sends nothing for this long, counted while poll waits. 0, the default, never does.

Disconnects a client whose line passes this many bytes, 65536 by default.

Queues a line for a client. False if there is no such client.

Queues a line for every client but one; pass 0 to leave nobody out. How many it was queued for.

Disconnects a client once what is queued for it has gone. False if there is no such client.

The other end's address, as text.

Does what can be done now, waiting up to this many milliseconds, and says what happened. A negative wait has no limit. Call it in a loop.

Closes every client and the listener.

Starts a line-based server. Port 0 lets the system pick.

The SHA-256 of the bytes, as 64 lowercase hex digits.

The SHA-256 of a text's UTF-8 bytes.

Replaces out with the file's bytes. False if it cannot be read, leaving out empty.

Creates or replaces a file. It appears complete or not at all, so a crash cannot leave half a save.

Adds to the end of a file.

Whether something is at this path.

Deletes a file.

Creates a folder; true if it already exists. The parent must exist.

makeDirectory with a path built at run time.

Removes an empty folder.

removeFile with a path built at run time.

readFile with a path built at run time, as UTF-8 bytes.

writeFile with a path built at run time.

exists with a path built at run time.

Whether this path is a folder.

isDirectory with a path built at run time.

Reads a folder's names, sorted and without . and .., for entryName and entryIsDirectory. The number of names, or -1 if it cannot be read. The next listing replaces them.

listDirectory with a path built at run time.

Replaces out with a name's UTF-8 bytes. False if there is no such entry.

Whether that entry is a folder.

Whether the program is running on Windows.

Starts a new command for runCommand.

Adds one argument; the first is the program. A zero byte makes the command impossible to start.

Runs the command and waits. False if it could not start. With keep, its output and errors go into output together.

The exit code of the last command that ran.

Adds the shortest decimal text that reads back as exactly this finite value.

The value of a plain decimal number such as -1.5e3, rounded correctly. A number too large for f64 is infinite.

Adds a literal's bytes to a list, for building paths and file contents.

Milliseconds on a clock that never goes backward; only differences mean anything.

Milliseconds since 1970 by the system clock, which can jump.

Waits this long.

How many program arguments there are; number 0 is the program itself.

Replaces out with an argument's UTF-8 bytes. False if there is no such argument.

Whether the path starts from a root.

The second path under the first, unless the second is absolute or has a drive, which replaces the first.

The last name: game.kon from a/b/game.kon, and b from a/b/.

The folder above: a/b from a/b/game.kon. Empty if there is none written. A root is its own parent.

The extension with its dot: .gz from a.tar.gz, and empty text if there is none.

The last name without its extension: a.tar from a.tar.gz.

Every file under a folder and the folders inside it, in sorted order. None if a folder cannot be read or the tree is over 64 levels deep.

Whether this flag was given.

The value of --name=value, or the fallback if it is absent or has no value.

How many plain words there are.

A plain word by position, or none.

Reads a list of arguments, without the program's own name.

The arguments this program was started with.

Whether the program could be started at all.

Whether it started and exited with 0.

Its exit code, or -1 if it did not start.

What it printed, output and errors together, when run by runKept. Empty text if that is not valid UTF-8.

The same as raw bytes.

A command list with the program first. Add arguments to it. A name without a folder is looked for on PATH.

Runs it with its output going to this program's, and waits.

Runs it with its output kept in the result, and waits.

Number of entries.

A view of the value for this key, or none.

Sets the key to the value, and returns the value it replaced, if any.

Removes the key, and returns its value, if it was present.

A new empty table.

Number of entries.

Whether the key is present.

The value for key, or none.

Sets key to value, and returns the value it replaced, if any.

Removes key, and returns its value, if it was present.

A new empty table.

Number of values.

Whether the value is present.

Adds value, and returns whether it was new.

Removes value, and returns whether it was present.

A new empty set.

Number of items.

Adds at the back.

Adds at the front.

Removes from the front, or none if empty.

Removes from the back, or none if empty.

The item at a position counted from the front, or none.

A new empty queue.

Number of items.

Adds a value with its priority.

The value with the lowest priority, removed from the heap, or none.

A new empty queue.

Its width.

Its height.

Whether a cell is on the map.

The cell's value; outside the grid, the given fallback.

Sets a cell. Writing outside the grid is ignored.

Sets every cell.

Finds a shortest path over cells equal to open, moving up, down, left and right. Its steps are then in routeX and routeY.

Steps in the last path.

X of a step of the last path, numbered from the start.

Y of a step of the last path.

A new map with every cell set to value.

Sorts ascending, O(n log n) in the worst case.

Whether the list is in ascending order.

The smaller one.

The larger one.

Value kept between low and high.

Without its sign.

Greatest common divisor; gcd(0, 0) is 0.

The largest r with r * r <= value.

Integer power. Overflow wraps, like other integer arithmetic.

Sine of an angle in degrees, scaled so 1000 means 1.0, accurate to about 0.2%.

Cosine, scaled the same way.

The value 1.

A whole number as fixed-point.

To a whole number, rounding toward negative infinity.

numerator / denominator; fromRatio(3, 2) is 1.5.

Multiplies.

Divides.

Square root; a negative value gives 0.

The value part way from a to b; t runs from 0 to one().

Sine of an angle in whole degrees.

Cosine of an angle in whole degrees.

The length of the vector (x, y).

The next value over all of u64.

A value from 0 up to, but not including, limit. A limit of 0 gives 0.

A value from low up to and including high.

True with a chance of percent in 100.

The same seed gives the same sequence.